TechHub Journal

The effect of applied exercises to develop the physical and skill abilities of futsal players with mild mental disabilities

Ali Shakir Obaid Al-Sultani — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The game of futsal for players with mild mental disabilities has received attention and care, like many other sports. As a result of this interest, it has become necessary to develop the various aspects of the game, including the physical and skill aspects as one of the factors affecting the level of performance and result. Therefore, the researcher believes that physical and skill abilities are two factors. A basic pillar that contributes to developing the requirements of various sports games. Accordingly, the importance of the research focused on adopting applied exercises (physical skills) that fall within the vocabulary of the training program and are designed according to the capabilities of disabled players and according to scientific methods. They contribute to the process of selecting the best qualified elements to play this game in its simplest form. Then preparing them to be a future nucleus to represent the national team of the Iraqi Special Olympics Federation to participate in regional championships and world games approved within the activities of the International Special Olympics Federation in its capacity as the sponsor of races and championships for people with mental disabilities in all its categories. Therefore, the problem of the research emerged through the presence of some disparity in the degrees of mild disability. In addition to the poor level of neuromuscular coordination among some of them. This affects the level of physical and skill abilities of disabled players. The research community identified new players for the national futsal team with mild mental disabilities belonging to the Special Olympics Federation for the year (2019-2020), who are between the ages of (16-19 years), and their number is (24) players. After obtaining the results and processing them statistically, the researcher arrived at the following - The prepared applied exercises have a significant impact in developing the physical and skill abilities of futsal players with mild mental disabilities, members of the research sample. Within the limits of the results that could be achieved, the researcher recommends: - Adopting the training curriculum that includes applied exercises prepared by the researcher, as a means of developing the physical and skill abilities of futsal players with mild mental disabilities.

The effect of increasing the intensity of specialized endurance training on runners' ability in the advanced 1500-meter run in terms of vital capacity indicators (V.C.) and heart rate (S.V.)

Hussein Jaber Abboud, Hussein Khamis Hussein, Saad Abbas Fadhil — Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The 1500m race event is part of the athletics system, and the continuous competition to break records and achieve the highest levels of achievement in athletics events, especially the 1500m race event, is one of the topics that occupies the minds of many people interested in achieving digital development for this event, given the distance of the race and the time it takes to complete it. Because it is unique from other events, it has characteristics that distinguish it from other events, despite it being a middle-distance event, which shares with them that its speed is measured by the step, which consists of the length of the step and its frequency. Increasing any of these two factors while keeping one of them constant or increasing them together improves the level of speed and strength, which contributes to achievement.

The effect of suggested exercises on improving the kinesthetic response of soccer goalkeepers

Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The introduction to the research included a presentation of some physical characteristics and their importance in sports, including the speed of kinesthetic response response and the extent of its usefulness and importance, especially for soccer goalkeepers, as it is the most important element that goalkeepers must have, and it is also the main key to the excellence and development of all physical and kinesthetic response qualities and skills of a goalkeeper. Football. The speed of kinesthetic response response and reaction is one of the requirements of the game of football, as well as all other sports and even in general professional life. Its importance is highlighted for the football goalkeeper, so he must master it perfectly to perform the game with the best performance and direction. Because of its importance, coaches work to develop it. Through continuous exercises and training, hence the importance of research into knowing the effect of the proposed physical exercises to develop the goalkeeper’s reaction speed, identifying some important exercises that have an effective impact on developing reaction speed, and considering them in the issue of training and developing the performance level of goalkeepers in football. The research problem included monitoring and watching the matches played by the clubs. It was noted that the performance level of football goalkeepers suffers from a decline in several aspects that may affect the outcome of the matches. We take the most important aspect, which represents (the speed of kinesthetic response response), which did not take its share sufficiently like the rest of the abilities. The other is when preparing goalkeepers for football, and from this low level of this aspect came the research problem. The research aims to identify the effect of using suggested exercises to develop the kinesthetic response response speed of soccer goalkeepers. The experimental method was used and two equal groups with pre- and post-tests were designed for suitability and the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of a group of goalkeepers aged 16-20 years, (12) goalkeepers who were chosen intentionally from clubs (Al-Karkh, Amanat Baghdad, Airlines). They were divided into two groups by lottery: the first was a control group, numbering (6) guards and the second was an experimental group, numbering (6) guards. The research concluded that the proposed exercises had a positive impact on developing the motor response of the individuals in the research sample, to varying degrees. Also, the proposed exercises were the best in developing the goalkeepers’ kinesthetic response response.

Integrating Kettlebell Exercises to Enhance Performance and Technical Skills in Fencing Athletes

Mohammed Salam Abdulsahib — Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Fencing is a classical sport that demands a combination of physical fitness and skill. This study focuses on the role of Kettlebell exercises in enhancing these aspects among athletes. This study aims to assess the influence of Kettlebell exercises on the physical and technical performance of fencing players compared to traditional training methods. Twenty students from Alexandria University participated in the study and were divided into two groups. The experimental group followed Kettlebell exercises, while the control group followed a traditional fencing training program. The study duration was 8 weeks. The training program included diverse exercises aimed at improving strength, balance, and flexibility. Performance was measured using specific tests, and the results demonstrated a significant improvement in upper body strength, flexibility, and response speed in the group trained with kettlebells compared to the control group. The study's conclusions and recommendations indicate that Kettlebell exercises has real benefits in enhancing the physical performance and technical skills of fencing athletes. It is recommended to incorporate these exercises into fencing training programs to achieve better results.

Psychological independence and its relationship to the full psychological presence of fourth-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad

Roaa Akram Taha, Ban Adnan Mohammed Ameen — Wed, 08 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Psychological independence is regarded as one of the most significant attributes that any society attempts to highlight in its members' personalities in order to qualify them for responsibility, because each human is born with wants and motivations for individuality and independence.The individual's attainment of independence or self-reliance is a critical factor in his development, and it varies with his stage of development.The need for self-reliance is satisfied by parents responding to their children’s attempts to become independent at work and encouraging them at a young age to rely on themselves by giving them complete freedom to act and respecting their desires and opinions to gradually assume responsibility, which results in giving the children self-confidence and a sense of competence and independence. ,Female students have an impact on their whole psychological presence, often known as psychological well-being. If the student has a high psychological presence, this will have a favorable effect on her conduct, such as positive thinking. The study's goal is to determine the psychological independence of fourth-year female students at the University of Baghdad's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, as well as their total psychological presence.And to determine the association between psychological independence and full psychological presence in fourth-year female students at the University of Baghdad's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The two researchers employed the descriptive technique to the research sample of (77) female students in the fourth stage at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2023-2024.Two scales were used: one to assess psychological independence, and another to assess full psychological presence. The data was processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics Ver26 tool, and a series of results and recommendations were drawn.

The prevailing leadership Patterns and personal traits and their relationship to innovative thinking of female physical education teachers in middle schools in Baghdad Governorate

Ahmed Khyoon Hashim, Thaer Dawood Salman — Sat, 11 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Teachers play a critical role in planning, organizing, coordinating, monitoring, and instructing, hence the topic of leadership styles receives a lot of attention. As a result, the physical education school is regarded as the most significant component of the educational process because it has the ability to weave together the teaching and educational skills, attitudes, and capacities that its students develop. Fits into their identities through her relationship with them.Teachers play a critical role in planning, organizing, coordinating, monitoring, and instructing, hence the topic of leadership styles receives a lot of attention. As a result, the physical education school is regarded the most significant aspect in the educational process since it can develop the teaching and educational skills, attitudes, and abilities.The significance of the study stems from the fact that it attempts to determine the type of relationship between the prevalent leadership styles and the personal qualities of physical education instructors in middle schools in Baghdad Governorate, specifically their innovative thinking. The research aims to:1.Identifying the dimensions of the standards for each of the prevalent leadership styles, personal characteristics, and innovative thinking among female physical education teachers in Baghdad Governorate middle schools.2. Identifying the association between leadership style aspects (initiative, interest in work, and interest in human interactions) and innovative thinking dimensions (fluency, flexibility, and originality) for physical education instructors in Baghdad Governorate's middle schools.3. Investigating the association between the characteristics of personal attributes (control, responsibility, emotional balance, and sociability) and the dimensions of innovative thinking (fluency, flexibility, and originality) for physical education teachers in Baghdad Governorate's middle schools. The descriptive approach was used on (50) female physical education teachers, and the three standards were applied to them. After collecting the data and processing it statistically, a set of conclusions and recommendations were reached.

The Effect of Physical and Mental Rhythmic Training on Middle School Students' Learning of Certain Sports Skills

Ahmed Jassim Abbas Ali, Kamal Jalal Nasser, Mohammed Abdel Hussein Al-Maliki — Sat, 25 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Through observing students' lack of response to executing educational units on some days while being much more responsive on other days, the researchers decided to delve into the topic of students' biological rhythm in some of their courses (physical and mental) to understand the extent to which these courses affect the effectiveness and performance of students during educational units in the physical education lesson. The researchers selected 30 students divided into two groups and used the experimental approach to conduct this research, implementing the main experiment by increasing the educational volume, meaning increasing repetitions during the educational units when students are in the positive phase of the biological rhythm courses (physical and mental), as well as decreasing the repetition volume and providing small recreational games during the negative phase of the courses to understand the extent to which these courses affect the learning of some basic skills prescribed in the academic stage.

The relationship between the strong strength of the lower extremities and the skill of the fixed squat (half-squat) in the youth group

Kanaan Imran Musa, Hussein Khamis Hussein, Mustafa Saleh Mahdi — Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The study aimed at identifying the value of failed and successful Olympic lifts biomechanical variables using smart analyses technology and its effect on elite weightlifters achievement. The researcher used the experimental method by comparing between failed and successful lifts and their effect on elite Iraqi weightlifters participating in Arab weightlifting Championship 2019. The subjects were (8) Iraqi national youth and advance weightlifters league. The pretests were conducted on snatch and clean and jerk three attempts were given for each lift and weightlifter according to national competition procedures. The beast sensor weightlifting technology was used to video tape the lifts. After analyzing the data the researcher concluded that beast sensor weightlifting contributed in analyzing biomechanical indicators for each weightlifter. A set of values were given to team coach so as to benefit from the data and design exercises to improve weak values. In addition to that, beast sensor weightlifting provided information about failed attempt of each weightlifter analyzing the path of the weight as well as providing accurate database for elite weightlifters’ Olympic artistic performance. Finally the data provided by the apparatus and motor analysis helped providing each weightlifter with corrections and suitable exercises. The researcher recommended that coaches specially national weightlifting elite leagues’ coaches should use this apparatus and the motor analysis program

The effect of some mental abilities on the level of performance in a simple attack with (epee fencing)

Randa Fuad Ali, Asraa Salah Abdulhadi, Qatada Hisham Abdulghafoor — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Fencing is one of the beautiful and enjoyable sports that a certain class of athletes and followers enjoy due to its beauty in individual performance, lightness, agility and balance in movement. The simple attack skill is considered one of the most important skills that a fencer must possess. This skill is divided into three sections: (the direct straight attack). (The attack by changing direction, the decisive attack), each of which has a form of movement and a special format for dealing with the opponent on the one hand and controlling the entire movement with the presence of the tool (the epee weapon on the other hand).

The impact of strength training activities on treatment of the anterior deltoid muscle of the shoulder joint in junior wrestlers

Salah Mahmood Salman — Fri, 07 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Preparing exercises according to the principle of torque is one of the new things that works to rehabilitate the injured working muscles and the effectiveness of this joint. Through the researcher’s follow-up of the game of wrestling and his work in the field of rehabilitation and physical therapy, he noticed that most of the wrestling players suffer from pain in the shoulder joint despite their visit to the doctor. The specialist took the treatment, so the researcher decided to study this problem and restore the recovery of the injured through strength training exercises according to an appropriate rehabilitation program for the muscles of the shoulder joint. The aim of the research is to Preparing exercises according to the principle of torque is one of the new things that works to rehabilitate the injured working muscles and the effectiveness of this joint For junior wrestling players, the researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between... The three tests (pre-medial and post-test) for qualification The anterior deltoid muscle of the shoulder in the research sample The experimental approach was used in a single group design on a sample of junior wrestling players. Special tests were used to measure the degree of pain, the range of motion of the arm, and to test the maximum strength of the arm. After applying the rehabilitation approach for strength training, the researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is Exercises had a positive effect on the relief of pain for people with shoulder joint injuries in the research sample. Momentum training led to an improvement in the range of motion, and the improvement in the range of motion of the shoulder joint was associated with the disappearance of pain and led to a clear improvement in the range of motion.

The educational contents derived from Surah Al-Baqarah in the interpretation of the inspired Qur'an

Roaa Shaker Neamah, Esraa Hasan Khalaf — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The educational contents of the Holy Quran in general include all the details of life, and of his personality and supports. Education in this concept is necessary for the whole human life, as there is no decent life except through education, Islam laid sound foundations for the education of society, which was brought by the seal of the prophets and messengers, our Lord Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him and his companions), and the method followed by Mr. Muhammad Fadl Allah in his Tafsir book (inspired by the Qur'an) is unique from all current interpretations, and it contained This interpretation is based on a lot of educational implications, and I was helped in this by the style and approach favored by Allah in that interpretation, as it is easy to approach, research and flexibility by all mental levels.

The effect of javelin throwing exercises using an assistive device on first-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Hisham Hamdan Abbas, Haman Abdullah Makki, Muhammad Imad Daoud — Wed, 17 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Methods and approaches for teaching basic sports abilities are an important component of the program.Assistive gadgets, whether used in learning or training, are one of these educational strategies.In addition to being a psychological and physical assistance, it enhances the training program and the learner in numerous ways.The goal of the study was to examine the efficacy of workouts utilizing an auxiliary device in teaching the skill of javelin throwing.For female first-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Science. The research assignment is for exercises.Using an assistance device has a positive impact on teaching the skill of javelin throwing to first-year college students.. Physical Education and Sports Science The researchers applied the experimental approach (with a two-group design).Equivalent pre- and post-tests, as appropriate for the nature of the problem to be solved. What about the research community The University of Baghdad's College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences has four sections in the first level.160 female students. The research sample consisted of 20 female students and had a ratio of (12.5). What are the most important conclusions.. It indicates that the assistive equipment has clearly influenced learning the skill properly, and the device has a well-designed design.It is good, has good specs, and can sustain female students' performance with repeated use. The researchers recommended installing the gadget.In the training arena, gain from it and make some changes to it to use it for learning in a class.For students.

Optimizing the efficiency of lighting sources for underwater inspections

Hristache Isac, Dogan Asan, Ciprian POPA, Nicolae-Silviu Popa — Sat, 20 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Underwater inspection of ships, offshore platforms, hydroelectric plants, and other hydraulic structures is a critical activity in maritime engineering, requiring innovative optimal solutions to ensure the most accurate assessment of submerged equipment and structures. Meeting this requirement, optimal underwater illumination becomes an essential element directly influencing the quality of inspections by enhancing the ability to observe and analyze potential defects.

This paper aims to analyze theoretical foundations associated with practical aspects related to optimizing wavelengths and radiation characteristics within the visible spectrum, extending into the IR and UV zones, in the context of underwater ship inspections, from an engineering perspective. The study delves into the complex phenomena of light propagation in the underwater environment, influenced by parameters such as turbidity, immersion, temperature, and seawater salinity. Furthermore, adaptive control and adjustment mechanisms of the light source are analyzed, along with the integration of various transducers and data acquisition systems for dynamic monitoring and adaptation to underwater environmental parameters.

All these addressed aspects define the high versatility of the proposed solution, which can be utilized across various plat- forms/vectors for underwater inspection purposes.

The effect of Dorman's strategy on the clever thinking of first-year intermediate students in chemistry

Ahmed Laibi Hussein Al-Tamimi — Thu, 01 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The research was distinguished by demonstrating the impact of the Distinguished Education Strategy (Dorman Strategy) and its impact on the clever thinking of first-year intermediate students in chemistry for the academic year (2023-2024). The research sample consisted of students from Future Leaders Secondary School for Outstanding Students, which It is affiliated with the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad, Al-Karkh III, and the two research groups were equal in age. Time, intelligence, and previous grade in science. This sample consisted of (56) students, (28) students for each grade, and the intelligent thinking scale prepared by (Bakhati, 2023) was relied upon, which consisted of 14 fields, and each field had four items. The results were discussed and presented. Suggestions and recommendations by the researcher.

Impact Of Modern Technical Environment Developments On The Auditor's Profession

Hussein Ali Mohammed, Khalid Hamad Jasim Al-Shaikh — Mon, 26 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The world's working environment is undergoing a revolution in the continuous and accelerated advancement of technology and technology. The accounting profession is also influenced by environmental technical developments in terms of the knowledge and conclusions of the auditor's work policy in his report. With the increasing use of information technology in economic units in recording and processing financial events and accounting processes, the importance of technologies is no less important than human and financial resources. Sophisticated electronic accounting systems have emerged and the comptroller must emulate these developments in his report, Especially because technological developments can easily penetrate from some professional pirates which has made it a profession of auditing the safety valve for the integrity and confidentiality of information and the design of programs that help the work of the comptroller to reach reliable results by users of financial lists to make rational decisions. The research aims to demonstrate the role of the modern technical environment in achieving changes in the auditor's profession within the study community, which includes a sample of the number of auditors' offices in Baghdad (60), to achieve this, the three sub-variables (continuous electronic auditing, cloud accounting, blockchains) were measured Based on the research problem, the research relied on a set of statistical metrics and the SPSS programme. The researchers found that developments in the modern technical environment affect the work of the comptroller in terms of reducing time and cost. The lack of recognition by the auditors in keeping with recent environmental developments makes the profession less professional. The researchers recommended to the audit offices that cadres should be included in ongoing training courses that simulate modern technical developments in the working environment.

The role of value engineering in reducing the costs of failure and achieving competitive advantage

Sundus Fadhil Jazzaa — Tue, 03 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Modern technological developments and their impact on the modern manufacturing environment led to the emergence of intense competition between international companies, which was followed by the development of accounting systems and the information that these systems produce, and the increased need for this information by its users, as accounting plays a more vital role in determining the information that management needs in Economic unit. To keep pace with modern developments, the management moved towards thinking about new trends such as customer satisfaction and focusing on success factors represented by using modern methods of cost management such as the just-in-time (JIT) production system, activity-based costing (ABC), value engineering, and process re-engineering or reverse engineering. Hence, cost accounting and management accounting played a major role In translating these systems into financial and non-financial measures, including the financial and administrative accounting information they contribute to assist management. Value engineering is one of the most important modern administrative and technical methods appropriate to keep pace with developments and changes in the business environment to achieve the main goal that organizations seek today, which is to meet the requirements and desires of customers by achieving two goals: the first is to reduce the cost of the product, and the second goal is to improve the value of the product to achieve customer satisfaction. It is the basis for the success of organizations, in addition to dividing the product into functions, analyzing and studying them. This is done through the use of value engineering technology in accordance with modern scientific methods.

Reviewing Simulation and Modelling Methods for Safe Ship Design in Transportation and Personnel Accommodation

V. Panaitescu — Sat, 05 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0300

This paper serves as a way of examining simulation and modeling methods for the assessment of certain approaches tailored to ensure the safety of ship designs and also effective transportation. Through an extensive analysis of relevant articles, this study aims to provide insights into the diverse approaches utilized, with a primary emphasis on safety considerations. Key topics explored include the manufacturing and design of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. By synthesizing findings from these studies, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the efficacy and limitations of those techniques, thereby informing future research directions and practical applications in the maritime industry.

Optimization Strategies for Modern Transportation and Distribution Network

Zhihan Zhang, Haoran Li — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

In the contemporary logistics landscape, it is a challenge to figure out the transportation and distribution problem, especially between the factory and the market. Given the increasing consumer expectation for fast delivery, the need for highly effective distribution strategies is more pressing than ever because the manufacturers and retailers have to minimize costs while maximizing efficiency. This paper aims to devise a method to optimize for costs and efficiency, and has certain reference value for how to reduce costs and improve efficiency in the freight industry. The current approach only considers the cost of products, but does not consider the cost occurring from the transportation distance. Therefore, this paper puts forward a model that considers both transportation distance and costs in optimization.

Legal irresponsibility

Gheorghe Buzescu — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Committing a crime always creates an imbalance in society, requiring a reaction of "self-defense" from it. From the creation of the first forms of state organization, the task of punishing those who violated the norms of social coexistence was taken over by the state, no longer left exclusively to the injured parties. Initially, there was no clear distinction between forms of liability, with civil and criminal liability often conflated. Later, this distinction was made, with the state assuming the responsibility for criminal liability, while civil liability remained primarily the responsibility of the injured parties. It is indisputable that throughout history, madness has been a cause for excluding the culpability of the perpetrator. Thus, since antiquity, insane individuals were not subject to criminal punishment but could be held civilly liable. Roman law did not punish the insane. Likewise, irresponsibility was a cause for excluding criminal wrongdoing in both canon law and barbarian law. However, during the Middle Ages, some mentally ill individuals were regarded as "possessed by the devil," a classification that attracted harsher penalties than for sane individuals. The concept of not punishing irresponsible individuals due to a lack of discernment became widely accepted later, during the Renaissance, under the influence of humanist ideas. In doctrine, criminal liability is defined as the most severe form of legal liability, involving the obligation of an individual to answer before the criminal investigation bodies and then before the court for acts committed that are provided for in criminal law, the obligation to endure coercive measures prescribed by law for committing the crime, and the obligation to serve the imposed penalty. According to the Criminal Code, "a crime is the sole basis of criminal liability," with the crime being the cause of criminal liability, and the application of criminal sanctions as its consequence. Thus, Article 15 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code outlines the essential features of a crime: typicity (the act must be provided for by criminal law both in its subjective and objective aspects), unlawfulness (the act must be unjustified and illicit), and culpability. These three conditions must be cumulatively met; the absence of any of them eliminates criminal liability. This paper necessitates a profound analysis of irresponsibility from both a criminal and psychological perspective, as it holds significant importance in the institution of criminal liability. For an act stipulated by criminal law to constitute a crime, the perpetrator must be in full possession of their mental faculties, capable of understanding their conduct and its consequences. Consequently, human behavior can be restricted by legal norms only when it is exhibited by an individual capable of controlling their actions. Therefore, in the absence of the biopsychophysical aptitude necessary and indispensable to a mentally healthy individual, such a person cannot become the subject of a juridical-criminal constraint relationship, as they are considered irresponsible. Criminal law exclusively sanctions individuals with appropriate behavior within the limits of normality.

Financial Valuation of Human Capital According to the Human Capital Asset Pricing Model

Haider Neama Ghali Al-Furaiji, Zainab Sabah Faraj — Tue, 15 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Financial valuation is one of the most important analytical tools in the fields of economics and financial management. It is used to determine the financial value of assets, projects, and various investments. Financial valuation plays a key role in improving the efficiency of resource allocation, reducing risk, and promoting sustainable growth across different sectors. In this research, the valuation of human capital is considered one of the modern applications of financial valuation, where the financial value of individuals is analyzed. This has sparked increasing academic debate regarding the feasibility, importance, and methodology of evaluating human resources as a fundamental organizational asset. This intellectual debate has encouraged many researchers to explore this topic further, aiming to assess existing models and propose new ones for valuing intangible assets—specifically, the financial valuation of human capital. Accordingly, the research problem centers around the ongoing debate about the possibility of evaluating human capital through quantitative models and expressing it in financial terms, which directly influences organizational decision-making, returns, and risk levels. The main objective of this study is to provide a financial value that reflects human capital as an intangible asset. To achieve this, the Human Capital Asset Pricing Model was employed and applied to a sample representing human capital—specifically, surgical physicians. The research reached several conclusions and recommendations, most notably that the model offers a financial valuation method for estimating the value of human capital. A key recommendation of the study is that relying on a single model may not be sufficient for the financial valuation of physicians, and that integrating multiple models could lead to a more accurate estimation.

Traffic accident research

Alexandru-Adelin Buzescu — Tue, 03 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Undoubtedly, road safety has always been an important topic for all societies, in the idea that life is movement and economic development and not only, has depended closely on road transport. This also had less beneficial parts, leading to the occurrence of road accidents, which led to the legislating of the road sector. It is true that road accidents are a real problem, always present and the violation of traffic legislation is permanent. Thus, the continuous development of motor transport, the increase in the number of cars and their diversification, as well as the rapid intensification of road traffic determine the intensification of concerns and efforts in order to ensure road traffic safety. These concerns are particularly necessary, as objective reality shows us that this increase in the number of accidents is directly proportional to progress, innovation and improvement in the technical performance of motor vehicles. The complexity of the forensic investigation of road accidents caused by the violation of the precautionary rules is determined by the fact that several factors can be at the basis of their occurrence. Therefore, it must be taken into account that the statistical data show us that the largest share in the occurrence of road events with serious consequences was and continues to be played by the man, either as a driver or as another traffic participant. The reduction of the number of road traffic accidents and the reduction of their consequences depends to a large extent on the human factor, on which scientific research has the social and moral obligation to develop predominantly. The individualization of legal, educational, psychological levers for modeling behavior in road traffic must be an absolute priority for researchers in the field and legislative bodies. Moreover, the forensic characteristic of a crime contains only those elements that are relevant for the discovery of the crime and that will serve as evidence of the content of the evidence. An element that essentially characterizes this criminal phenomenon from a forensic point of view is the elucidation of the essence of the notion of "traffic accident" or "road accident", a phrase that is not ambiguously defined in the legislation, the diversity of its interpretations in the specialized literature being very large. Although traffic accidents have a rich diversity, they have certain common features that allow them to be classified according to different criteria. Among the persons responsible for the accident are considered the drivers of motor vehicles, pedestrians, passengers in public transport who do not comply with the rules of getting on and off the means of transport. A particular aspect of this problem is the identification of the driver of the vehicle who left the scene of the accident. Regarding the consequences produced by the accident, we can mention the medium or serious injuries to the victim's bodily integrity or health, as well as the death of the victim, consequences that are mandatory to establish, because they are of particular importance to the legal classification of the deed. The clarification of this aspect is also revealed by the fact that the establishment of the criminal consequences indicated by the letter of the law is one of the indispensable conditions for the existence of the crime.

International liability for environmental damage

Gheorghe Buzescu — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Pollution is a transboundary phenomenon that involves the entire international community and has therefore become a global problem. The intensification and diversification of pollution and the degradation of environmental elements have led to international cooperation and surveillance of environmental protection issues at international and national levels. Time has shown that industrial, agricultural and technological activities carried out on the territory of one country can have harmful effects on the territory of another country or on areas that are not under the jurisdiction of any country. This type of cross-border damage has led to theories about state liability and how to remedy these damages. The most well-known case of transboundary pollution is the Chernobyl accident. The Chernobyl accident was the worst in the history of nuclear accidents. Radioactivity reached alarming levels and the harmful consequences went beyond the borders of the USSR. In this case, there was a big difference between theory and practice in the issue of state liability for transboundary environmental damage. The question arose to what extent a State can be liable under international law for environmental damage caused to other States, and what jurisdictional means are available to the State or even to the affected individuals, to invoke the liability of a State for the damage suffered as a consequence of transboundary environmental damage. These questions will be answered throughout the study, becoming the central element of this research theme, around which the entire analyzed issue will revolve.