Traffic accident research

Abstract

Undoubtedly, road safety has always been an important topic for all societies, in the idea that life is movement and economic development and not only, has depended closely on road transport. This also had less beneficial parts, leading to the occurrence of road accidents, which led to the legislating of the road sector. It is true that road accidents are a real problem, always present and the violation of traffic legislation is permanent. Thus, the continuous development of motor transport, the increase in the number of cars and their diversification, as well as the rapid intensification of road traffic determine the intensification of concerns and efforts in order to ensure road traffic safety. These concerns are particularly necessary, as objective reality shows us that this increase in the number of accidents is directly proportional to progress, innovation and improvement in the technical performance of motor vehicles. The complexity of the forensic investigation of road accidents caused by the violation of the precautionary rules is determined by the fact that several factors can be at the basis of their occurrence. Therefore, it must be taken into account that the statistical data show us that the largest share in the occurrence of road events with serious consequences was and continues to be played by the man, either as a driver or as another traffic participant. The reduction of the number of road traffic accidents and the reduction of their consequences depends to a large extent on the human factor, on which scientific research has the social and moral obligation to develop predominantly. The individualization of legal, educational, psychological levers for modeling behavior in road traffic must be an absolute priority for researchers in the field and legislative bodies. Moreover, the forensic characteristic of a crime contains only those elements that are relevant for the discovery of the crime and that will serve as evidence of the content of the evidence. An element that essentially characterizes this criminal phenomenon from a forensic point of view is the elucidation of the essence of the notion of "traffic accident" or "road accident", a phrase that is not ambiguously defined in the legislation, the diversity of its interpretations in the specialized literature being very large. Although traffic accidents have a rich diversity, they have certain common features that allow them to be classified according to different criteria. Among the persons responsible for the accident are considered the drivers of motor vehicles, pedestrians, passengers in public transport who do not comply with the rules of getting on and off the means of transport. A particular aspect of this problem is the identification of the driver of the vehicle who left the scene of the accident. Regarding the consequences produced by the accident, we can mention the medium or serious injuries to the victim's bodily integrity or health, as well as the death of the victim, consequences that are mandatory to establish, because they are of particular importance to the legal classification of the deed. The clarification of this aspect is also revealed by the fact that the establishment of the criminal consequences indicated by the letter of the law is one of the indispensable conditions for the existence of the crime.